History of the Violas Role in Part-Writing for Chamber Music

Carolyn Hunter Music 700 November 1, 2009 Mini-Research Paper #2 History of the Viola’s Role in Part-Writing for Chamber Music There is considerable debate amongst scholars as to whether the birth of the viola preceded or succeeded that of the violin. However, iconographic and documentary evidence indicate that the violin, viola, and cello most likely evolved together as a family of instruments very early in the sixteenth century and almost certainly in northern Italy. Part-writing for the viola in chamber music has changed dramatically over time. By the end of the seventeenth century, while the violin had remained popular in chamber music, the viola was very much neglected. It was not until the end of the eighteenth†¦show more content†¦The end of the eighteenth century marked a change in the treatment of the viola in chamber music. The change â€Å"came about partly because a basic concept of late eighteenth century chamber music was that a single player played each part (thus setting chamber music apart from the orchestra where each string part . . . was played by several players).†[2] A greater equality of part writing can be observed in the mature chamber music, especially string quartets, of Mozart and Beethoven. In Mozart’s last string quartet (K. 590, 1790), the part writing is equalized, and solos are given to the viola, with a considerable degree of virtuosity demanded of the instrument. In the passage below, the first violin states the melody and then two bars later the viola plays the same passage just an octave lower. Example 1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, String Quartet no. 23, k. 590, 1st Movement, mm. 51-54[3] [pic] This example clearly demonstrates equal part-writing for the viola with that of the violin or the other instruments. In conclusion, it is difficult to answer the question as to why the viola fell out of favor in chamber music from the time period following its birth in the early sixteenth century to the end of the seventeenth century. One possible reason is that no parts of

Human Trafficking Is A Serious Crime - 1497 Words

Blog Post Number One: Introductory Post Posted March 15th, 2017. Thousands of men, women and children fall into the hands of human traffickers, in both their countries and in other countries each year. Whether it be a country of origin, transit, or a destination, nearly every country in the world is being affected by human trafficking. Human trafficking is a serious crime and a violation of all human rights here in Australia. It involves the recruitment, movement and exploitation of a person which consists of the physical movement of people across and within borders through deceptive means, force and coercion. An individual submitting to human trafficking, whether it be women, men or children, it strikes them at what is most precious to†¦show more content†¦Giving us a better understanding of human trafficking and an upper hand to getting on top of it and making sure it doesn’t continue into later generations. Blog Post Number Two: â€Å"Traffic Free† Easter Eggs? Posted April 17th, 2017 As Easter has now come and gone for another year, and as always I can guarantee you that Easter eggs were at the top of everyone’s grocery list at one point in time or another. As we seem to fall into the same patterns at around same time every year I thought it would be good to know where the ‘Easter’ chocolate we are buying every year comes from. I’m assuming like others, we do not actually know much about the import of our Easter chocolates and the connection they have with human trafficking victims in both in other countries and our own. What you may not know is that according to World Vision 70% if the worlds cocoa, which is then made into chocolate, is harvested in West Africa, a hot spot for both trafficking and child labour, these chocolates are then distributed into Australia and other countries and sold more than triple the price in which that child would have been paid to make such chocolate. 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Adventures Of Huck Finn By Mark Twain Essay Example For Students

Adventures Of Huck Finn By Mark Twain Essay The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain contains symbolism associatedwith superstition. This is demonstrated by both the actions and beliefs of thecharacters and the events which occur in the story. The way in which friendshipsupersedes superstition and popular beliefs plays a major role throughout. Huckin particular is forced to mature and forget superstition when he is faced withthe internal dilemma of his best friend, Jim, being a runaway slave. In Chapterone, Huck sees a spider crawling up his shoulder, so he flicks it into the flameof a candle, where it shrivles up before he could retrieve it. Huck realizesthat it is a bad omen, which will bring bad luck. He becomes scared and shakesoff his clothes, then proceeds to turn in his tracks three times. He then ties alock of his hair with a thread to keep the witches away. You do that whenyouve lost a horseshoe that youve found, instead of nailing it up over thedoor, but I hadnt ever heard anybody say it was any way to keep of bad luckwhen youd killed a spider.(Twain 5). In chapter four, Huck sees Papsfootprints in the snow. He then goes to Jim to ask him why Pap is here. Jim goesand gets a fist sized hairball, which was taken from an oxs stomach. Jim asksthe hairball, Why is Pap here? But the hairball wont answer. Jim says itneeds money, so Huck gives Jim a counterfeit quarter that Huck had been braggingabout earlier in the novel. Jim puts the quarter under the hairball. Thehairball talks to Jim and Jim tells Huck that it says: Yoole father doanknow yit what hes a-gwyne to do. Sometimes he spec hell go ?way, en denagin he spec hell stay. De bes way is tores easy en let de ole mantake his own way. Deys two angles hoverin roun ?bout him. One uvemis white en shiny, en tother one is black. De white one gits him to go righta little while, den de black one sil in en gust it all up. A body cant tell yitwhich one gwyne to fetch him at de las. But you is all right. You gwyne tohave considable trouble in yo life, en considable joy. Sometimes you gwyne togit hurt, en sometimes you gwyne to git sick; but every time yous gwyne togit well agin. Deys two gals flyin ?bout yo in yo life. One uv?ems light en tother one is dark. One is rich en tother is po.Yous gwyne to marry de po one fust en de rich one by en by. You wants tokeep ?way fum de water as much as you kin, en dont run no resk, ?kaseits down in de bills dat yous gwyne to git hung. (Twain 19). When Huckgoes home and finds Pa there, it re-enforces his belief in the occult and alsohis trust in his friend Jim. In Chapter ten, Huck and Jim run into some goodluck and some bad luck. The mere concept of good luck and bad luck maybe in itself considered superstition, but more interesting events begin tounfold. While snooping around in an overcoat, Huck and Jim find eight dollars inone of the pockets. Then, after they eat some dinner on the Friday, they arelying in the grass, when Huck runs out of tobacco. He decides to go to thecavern to get some, and finds a rattlesnake. In southern culture it is badluck to touch the skin of a rattlesnake, however Huck kills it anyway, androlls it up to its original shape and puts it on the foot of Jims blanket as adecoration. .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 , .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .postImageUrl , .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 , .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3:hover , .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3:visited , .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3:active { border:0!important; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3:active , .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3 .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81f95fcc953ac4b1573289b1fc9292b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Islam And Buddhism Essay Later, when night comes, Jim sits down on the blanket and thesnakes mate is there. It lunges out, and it bites Jim on the heel. Jim tellsHuck to chop off the snakes head, and to then skin the body of the snake. Theythen decide to cook part of it, and eat it. Huck decides that he will be nice toJim, and try and make him feel better about the snakebite, so he takes therattles off and ties them to Jim wrist as a bracelet. Jim said it would helphim, and to this Huck narrates to the readers, I made up my mind I wouldntever take a-holt of a snake-skin again with my hands, now that I see what hadcome of it. (Twain 52). Throughout the novel we see Huck struggling toresolve his mixed feelings and emotions with regard to Jim and to the world inwhich he is growing up. On the one hand, he has become engrained with veryprimitive ideas or superstitions, which tend to persist even alongside thereligious beliefs of the community around him. Also, although not directlymentioned in the book, Huck seems to constantly struggle with the issue ofwhether or not to return Jim to the widow. He seems to feel instinctively thatslavery is wrong ? this is implied by the very fact of his running away withJim. However, he constantly questions whether or not it would be better for bothof them to return home ? home to normal life but not to end his friendshipwith Jim. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is filled with symbolism associatedwith the superstitious beliefs of the South at the time of slavery. The spiderepisode, the hairball, and the rattlesnake were given as justifiable examples ofwhy the escapade was doomed to failure by bad luck ? all of this played outwithout a direct reference to the badness or evil of slavery itself.